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Youngstown, Ohio "Youngstown" Youngstown . Youngstown, Ohio Location of Youngstown in Mahoning County and state of Ohio Location of Youngstown in Mahoning County and state of Ohio Youngstown is a town/city in and the governmental center of county of Mahoning County in the U.S. According to the 2010 Census, Youngstown had a town/city proper populace of 66,982, while the Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA Metropolitan Travel Destination it anchors contained 565,773 citizens in Mahoning & Trumbull counties in Ohio, and Mercer County in Pennsylvania. Youngstown is positioned on the Mahoning River, approximately 65 miles (105 km) southeast of Cleveland and 61 miles (100 km) northwest of Pittsburgh. Even with having its own media market, Youngstown is often encompassed in commercial and cultural depictions of both Northeast Ohio as well as the Pittsburgh Tri-State Area due to these proximities. Youngstown lies 10 miles (16 km) west of the Pennsylvania state line, midway between New York City and Chicago via Interstate 80. Youngstown is in a region of the United States that is often referred to as the Rust Belt. Traditionally known as a center of steel production, Youngstown was forced to redefine itself when the U.S. Youngstown also falls inside the Appalachian Ohio region, among the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. Youngstown was titled for New York native John Young, who surveyed the region in 1796 and settled there soon after. On February 9, 1797, Young purchased the township of 15,560 acres (6,300 ha) from the Western Reserve Land Company for $16,085. The 1797 establishment of Youngstown was officially recorded on August 19, 1802. The region including present-day Youngstown was part of the Connecticut Western Reserve, a section of the Northwest Territory that Connecticut initially did not cede to the Federal government. Upon cession, Connecticut retained the title to the territory in the Western Reserve, which it sold to the Connecticut Land Company for $1,200,000. While many of the area's early pioneer came from Connecticut, Youngstown thriving a momentous number of Scots-Irish pioneer from neighboring Pennsylvania. The first European Americans to settle permanently in the region were Pittsburgh native James Hillman and wife Catherine Dougherty. By 1798, Youngstown was the home of a several families who were concentrated near the point where Mill Creek meets the Mahoning River. Boardman Township was established in 1798 by Elijah Boardman, a member of the Connecticut Land Company. Clair established Trumbull County (named with respect to Connecticut Governor Jonathan Trumbull), and designated the lesser settlement of Warren as its administrative center, or "county seat". In 1813, Trumbull County was divided into townships, with Youngstown Township comprising much of what became Mahoning County. The village of Youngstown was incorporated in 1848, and in 1867 Youngstown was chartered as a city. It became the governmental center of county in 1876, when the administrative center of Mahoning County was moved from neighboring Canfield. Youngstown has been Mahoning County's governmental center of county to this day. The discernment of coal by the improve in the early 19th century paved the way for the Youngstown area's inclusion on the network of the famed Erie Canal. The Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal Company was organized in 1835, and the canal was instead of in 1840. Local industrialist David Tod, who was later Ohio governor amid the Civil War, persuaded Lake Erie steamboat owners that coal mined in the Mahoning Valley could fuel their vessels if canal transit were available between Youngstown and Cleveland. Youngstown, 1910s: Central Square and Viaduct (view looking south) Youngstown's industrialized evolution changed the face of the Mahoning Valley. With the establishment of steel mills in the late 19th century, Youngstown became a prominent destination for immigrants from Eastern Europe, Italy, and Greece. In the early 20th century, the improve saw an influx of immigrants from non-European countries including what is undivided day Lebanon, Palestine/Israel, and Syria. By the 1920s, this dramatic demographic shift produced a nativist backlash, and the Mahoning Valley became a center of Ku Klux Klan activity. The situation reached a climax in 1924, when street clashes between Klan members and Italian and Irish Americans in neighboring Niles led Ohio Governor A. By the late 19th century, African Americans were well represented in Youngstown, and the first small-town congregation of the African Methodist Episcopal Church was established in 1871. In the 1880s, small-town attorney William R. The city's populace became more diverse after the end of World War II, when a seemingly robust steel trade thriving thousands of workers. In the 1950s, the Latino populace interval decidedly ; and by the 1970s, St. Rose of Lima Roman Catholic Church and the First Spanish Baptist Church of Ohio were among the biggest theological institutions for Spanish-speaking inhabitants in the Youngstown urbane area. While range is among the community's enduring characteristics, the industrialized economy that drew various groups to the region collapsed in the late 1970s. Downtown Youngstown has seen modest levels of new construction. Low real-estate prices and the accomplishments of the Youngstown Central Area Improvement Corporation (CIC) have contributed to the purchase of a several long-abandoned downtown buildings (many by out-of-town investors) and their restoration and conversion into specialty shops, restaurants, and eventually condominiums. One of the area's more prosperous company ventures in recent years has been the Youngstown Business Incubator. In line with these accomplishments to change the community's image, the town/city government, in partnership with Youngstown State University, has organized an ambitious urban renewal plan known as Youngstown 2010. The stated goals of Youngstown 2010 include the creation of a "cleaner, greener, and better prepared and organized Youngstown". Of Toronto, which had taken shape amid an extensive process of enhance consultation and meetings that gathered input from people. The plan, which encompassed platforms such as the acceptance of a reduced populace and an improved image and character of life, received nationwide attention and is consistent with accomplishments in other urbane areas to address the phenomenon of urban depopulation. Youngstown 2010 received an award for enhance outreach from the American Planning Association in 2007. According to the United States Enumeration Bureau, the town/city has a total region of 34.60 square miles (89.61 km2), of which 33.96 square miles (87.96 km2) is territory and 0.64 square miles (1.66 km2) is water. Located in the Cleveland tri-state area, Youngstown is in the Mahoning Valley on the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau. Youngstown has a humid continental climate (Koppen Dfb), typical of the Midwest, with four distinct seasons, and lies in USDA hardiness zone 6a. Winters are cold and dry but typically bring a mix of rain, sleet, and snow with occasional heavy snow flurry and icing. The all-time record high temperature in Youngstown of 103 F (39 C) was established on July 10, 1936, which occurred amid the Dust Bowl, and the all-time record low temperature of 22 F ( 30 C) was set on January 19, 1994. The first and last freezes of the season on average fall on October 10 and May 6, in the order given, allowing a burgeoning season of 156 days; freezing temperatures have been observed in every month except July. The normal annual mean temperature is 49.0 F (9.4 C). Normal annual rain based on the 30-year average from 1981 2010 is 38.91 inches (988 mm), falling on an average 160 days. Monthly rain has ranged from 10.66 in (271 mm) in June 1986 to 0.16 in (4.1 mm) in October 1924, while for annual rain the historical range is 54.01 in (1,372 mm) in 2011 to 23.79 in (604 mm) in 1963. Climate data for Youngstown, Ohio (Youngstown Warren Regional Airport), 1981 2010 normals, extremes 1897 present The 2010 United States Enumeration population estimate was 65,062 citizens . The Mahoning Valley region as a whole has 763,207 residents. The United States Enumeration Bureau's 2011 American Community Survey estimated a median homehold income of $24,006. A 2007 report by CNNMoney.com stated that Youngstown has the lowest median income of any U.S. Youngstown's vacant-housing rate is twenty times that of the nationwide average. According to the 2010 Census, Youngstown has 26,839 homeholds and 15,150 families in the city. Main article: Economy of Youngstown, Ohio Youngstown Sheet & Tube and Viaduct Endowed with large deposits of coal and iron as well as "old growth" hardwood forests needed to produce charcoal, the Youngstown region eventually advanced a grow steel industry, starting with the area's blast furnace in 1803 by James and Daniel Heaton. By the mid-19th century, Youngstown was the site of a several iron industrialized plants, and because of easy rail connections to adjoining states, the iron trade continued to grew in the 1890s despite the depletion of small-town natural resources. At the turn of the 20th century, small-town industrialists began to convert to steel manufacturing, amid a wave of industrialized consolidations that placed much of the Mahoning Valley's trade in the hands of nationwide corporations. In the late 1930s, the community's steel zone attained national consideration once again, when Youngstown became a site of the so-called "Little Steel Strike", an accomplishment by the Steel Workers Organizing Committee, a precursor to United Steelworkers, to secure contract agreements with lesser steel companies. On June 21, 1937, strike-related violence in Youngstown resulted in two deaths and 42 injuries. Even with the violence, historian William Lawson observed that the strike transformed industrialized unions from "basically small-town and ineffective organizations into all-encompassing, nationwide collective bargaining delegates of American workers". At the same time, Youngstown never became economically diversified, as did larger industrialized cities such as Chicago, Pittsburgh, Akron, or Cleveland. Hence, when economic shifts forced the closure of plants throughout the 1970s, the town/city was left with several substantial economic alternatives. The September 19, 1977, announcement of the closure of a large portion of Youngstown Sheet and Tube, an event still referred to as "Black Monday", is widely regarded as the death knell of the old region steel trade in Youngstown. In the wake of the steel plant shutdowns, the improve lost an estimated 40,000 manufacturing jobs, 400 satellite businesses, $414 million in personal income, and from 33 to 75 percent of the school tax revenues. The Youngstown region has yet to fully recover from the loss of jobs in the steel sector. Youngstown is the site of a several steel and metalworking operations, though nothing on the scale seen amid the "glory days" of the "Steel Valley". The biggest employer in the town/city is Youngstown State University (YSU), an urban enhance ground that serves about 15,000 students, positioned just north of downtown. In the late 1980s, the Avanti, an automobile with a fiberglass body originally designed by Studebaker to compete with the Corvette, was produced in an industrialized complex on Youngstown's Albert Street. This business moved away after just a several years. A mainstay of Youngstown's industrialized economy has long been the GM Lordstown plant. The biggest industrial employers inside the Youngstown town/city limits are Vallourec Star Steel Company (formerly North Star Steel), in the Brier Hill district, and Exal Corporation on Poland Avenue. Downtown Youngstown at evening Youngstown's downtown, which once underscored the community's economic difficulties, is a site of new company growth. The Youngstown Business Incubator (YBI), in the heart of the downtown, homes a several start-up technology companies that have received office space, furnishings, and access to utilities. Some companies supported by the incubator have earned recognition, and a several are starting to outgrow their current space. Magazine as the fastest-growing privately held software business in the United States and 18th fastest-growing privately held business overall. In an accomplishment to keep such companies downtown, the YBI secured approval to demolish a row of vacant buildings close-by to clear space for expansion. The universal will be funded by a $2 million federal grant awarded in 2006. In 2014, the YBI was ranked as the number 1 college associated company incubator in the world by the Swedish UBII (University Business Incubator Index). In 2015, the YBI was the top University Associated Incubator in North America, and came in second to the Dublin Enterprise & Technology Centre, also known as the Guinness Enterprise Centre, in Dublin. Extensive coverage of Youngstown's economic challenges has overshadowed the city's long entrepreneurial tradition. A number of products and enterprises introduced in Youngstown later became nationwide homehold names. The business now distributes bread products nationally. In the 1920s, Youngstown was the place of birth of the Good Humor brand of ice cream novelties, and the prominent franchise of Handel's Homemade Ice Cream & Yogurt was established there in the 1940s. Established one of the country's first undivided shopping plazas in the suburb of Boardman. The fast-food chain, Arby's, opened the first of its restaurants in Boardman in 1964, and Arthur Treacher's Fish & Chips was headquartered in Youngstown in the late 1970s. More recently, the city's downtown hosted the corporate command posts of the now-defunct pharmacy chain store Phar-Mor, which had been established by Youngstown native Mickey Monus. Buildings in Downtown Youngstown Youngstown is governed by a mayor who is propel every four years and limited to a maximum of two terms. The town/city has tended to elect Democratic mayors since the late 1920s because of the small-town unions' support for Democratic candidates for office. Youngstown's current mayor is John Mc - Nally IV. Jay Williams was the city's first black mayor and its first autonomous mayor since 1922. Williams belonged to the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition, a bi-partisan group with the stated goal of "making the enhance safer by getting illegal guns off the streets". He left his position in Youngstown to turn into President Barack Obama's auto czar, directing the Presidential Task Force on the Auto Industry. The Youngstown Police Department and Youngstown Fire Department fall under the board's oversight, as do the parks, civil service, improve development, health, planning, and water departments. Youngstown's finance department oversees all municipal finances and supervises the departments of economic evolution and income tax. Crime has been a lingering lured in many of the Rust Belt's big and small urban communities, hampering economic recovery. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Youngstown was nationally identified with gangland slayings that were often committed with car bombs. The town attained the nicknames "Murdertown, USA" and "Bomb City, USA," while the phrase "Youngstown tune-up" became a nationally prominent slang term for car-bomb assassination. The image of Youngstown's association with crime was reinforced by the assembly of prisons inside the urbane area. As of 2012, three adult correctional facilities continue to operate inside town/city limits: the Mahoning County Justice Center the Northeast Ohio Correctional Center, and the Ohio State Penitentiary. For decades, Youngstown was a haven for organized crime, and related corruption was ingrained into the fabric of its society. (D), on bribery, tax fraud, and racketeering charges. Although this has since been cleaned up somewhat, in 2006, Youngstown was ranked by Morgan Quitno Press, a Kansas-based publishing and research company, as the 9th most dangerous town/city in the United States. The Youngstown City School District manages all enhance education inside the city. District high schools once encompassed South, North, Chaney, Rayen, East, Woodrow Wilson, Youngstown Early College, and Choffin Career and Technical Center. This roster has changed; Chaney expanded, North, South, and the initial East were closed, and Rayen and Wilson were closed to make way for a newly assembled and re-opened East High School. Youngstown City School District participate in an "Early College" program, in cooperation with Youngstown State University. The Diocese of Youngstown once oversaw more than 20 schools inside the town/city limits. As a result of dwindling enrollment, only four Catholic schools continue to operate inside Youngstown proper. These include two elementary schools St. Youngstown hosts a small number of private schools. These include Valley Christian School, a nondenomenational K-12 school positioned on the south side of the city; Akiva Academy, a progressive K 8 school positioned in the Jewish Community Center; and the Montessori School of the Mahoning Valley, which offers alternative learning surroundings for students ranging from preschool to eighth grade. Youngstown has a high school graduation rate of 65%. Youngstown State University's Jones Hall Youngstown State University, the major institution of higher learning in the Youngstown-Warren urbane area, traces its origins to a small-town YMCA program that began offering college-level courses in 1908. YSU joined the Ohio fitness of college studies in 1967. The college consists of six colleges: The College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences (CLASS); The College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM); The Willamson College of Business; The Bitonte College of Health and Human Services; The College of Fine and Performing Arts (FPA), and the College of Education. Once regarded as a commuter school, YSU serves about 13,000 students, many from outside the Youngstown area. The ground is just north of the city's downtown and south of Youngstown's historic Fifth Avenue district, a neighborhood of Tudor-, Victorian-, and Spanish Colonial Revival-style homes. YSU offers tuition rates that are lower than the average of other enhance universities in Ohio, at $3,856 per semester for undergraduates. The university's assets include the Dana School of Music, an All-Steinway school. Youngstown State's Engineering programs are accredited through ABET, making it one of the best Engineering Schools in the country, many graduates from the school have gone on to turn into the framers and heads for various Fortune 100 companies. In 2012, Forbes.com ranked Youngstown, Ohio 4th among the best metros/cities in the U.S. Even with the impact of county-wide economic decline, Youngstown offers an array of cultural and recreational resources. The community's culture center is Powers Auditorium, a former Warner Brothers movie palace that serves as the area's major music hall while providing a home for the Youngstown Symphony Orchestra. This downtown landmark is one of five auditoriums inside the town/city limits. The facility also hosts the Stambaugh Youth Concert Band. Bruce Springsteen, who sang about the diminish of Youngstown's steel trade and its adverse effects on small-town workers in his ballad "Youngstown", played at Stambaugh Auditorium on January 12, 1996, as part of his solo Ghost of Tom Joad Tour. This institution is complemented by the Youngstown Playhouse on the city's south side. The Youngstown Playhouse, Mahoning County's major improve theater, has served the region for more than 80 years, despite intermittent financial problems. Well known theatrical personalities from the Youngstown region include comedic actor Joe Flynn, screen actress Elizabeth Hartman, singer and Broadway performer Maureen Mc - Govern, and tv and screen actor Ed O'Neill. The Butler Institute of American Art is on the northeastern edge of the Youngstown State University campus. Butler, Jr., in 1919 as the first exhibition in the nation dedicated to American art. Across the street from the Butler Institute stands the Mc - Donough Museum of Art, YSU's University Art Museum and the Mahoning Valley's center for intact art. The Youngstown Historical Center of Industry and Labor sits south of the YSU ground on a undertaking overlooking the downtown area. This exhibition, owned and directed by the Ohio Historical Society, focuses on the Mahoning Valley's history of steel production. Other exhibitions include the Children's Museum of the Valley, an interactive educational center in the downtown area, and the Davis Education and Recreation Center, a small exhibition that showcases the history of Youngstown's Mill Creek Park. On the city's north side the Youngstown Steel Heritage Foundation is constructing the Tod Engine Heritage Park, featuring a compilation of steel trade equipment and artifacts. Rolling foundry steam engine that was assembled in Youngstown and used at the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Brier Hill Works. Youngstown's most prominent resource is Mill Creek Park, a five-mile (8 km)-long stretch of landscaped woodland reminiscent of Rock Creek Park in Washington, D.C. From the south side, the canopied woodlands overlooking Lake Glacier are visible; from the north side, visitors are presented with a view of downtown Youngstown. In 2005, Mill Creek Park was placed on the National Register of Historic Places. A plaque commemorating this event is near a memorial statue of Volney Rogers, the Youngstown attorney who set aside territory for the creation of Mill Creek Park. Wick Park's periphery is lined with early 20th-century mansions assembled by the city's industrialists, company leaders, and professionals amid Youngstown's "boom" years. Stambaugh Auditorium, a prominent venue for concerts and other enhance affairs, is near the park's southwestern edge. Another small recreational region called Crandall Park is also on the North side. Youngstown Phantoms USHL, Ice hockey Covelli Centre 2003 1 Youngstown has appreciateed a long tradition of experienced and semi-professional sports. In earlier decades, the town/city produced scores of minor league baseball teams, including the Youngstown Ohio Works, Youngstown Champs, Youngstown Indians, Youngstown Steelmen, Youngstown Browns, Youngstown Gremlins, and Youngstown Athletics. Local enthusiasm for baseball was such that the improve hosted championship games of the National Amateur Baseball Federation throughout the 1930s and 1940s. The area's minor league baseball squads were supplemented by semi-professional football teams, including the Youngstown Patricians, who won the 1915 championship of the informal "Ohio League" (a direct predecessor to the National Football League), and the Youngstown Hardhats, who competed in the Middle Atlantic Football League in the 1970s and early 1980s. For three seasons, Youngstown was home to the Mahoning Valley Thunder of the now-defunct af2, the minor league for the Arena Football League until 2009 when the charter ceased operations. Local minor league basketball squads encompassed the Youngstown Pride of the WBA from 1987 to 1992, the Youngstown Hawks of the IBA in 1999, and the Mahoning Valley Wildcats of the IBL in 2005. Covelli Centre (known then as the Chevrolet Centre) was the home of the Youngstown Steel - Hounds hockey team that played in the Central Hockey League until May 2008. In 2005 the Ohio Redbulls (Youngstown, Ohio) semi-pro football of the United States Football Association owned by Will Smith won their first championship.https://nationalfootballevents.com/ The Youngstown State University Penguins, a primary county-wide draw, compete in the Missouri Valley Football Conference. The Youngstown State men and women's basketball squads hold their games at Youngstown State's Beeghly Center. Youngstown has produced a momentous number of boxing champions, including bantamweight Greg Richardson, lightweights Ray "Boom Boom" Mancini and Harry Arroyo, and middleweight Kelly Pavlik. It was formerly called the Chevrolet Center, and amid planning it was known as the Youngstown Convocation Center. The Centre's chief tenants are the Youngstown Phantoms, who play in the United States Hockey League. Previously, it was home to the Youngstown Steelhounds hockey team, who played in the CHL. The town/city plans to precarious vacant territory adjoining to the Centre for a park, a riverwalk (the Mahoning River flows through the site), an amphitheater, or an athletic stadium for the city's enhance and private high schools. These investments reflect wide appreciation of Youngstown's athletic tradition, which has produced noted figures in a range of sports. The Youngstown region is served by the Western Reserve Transit Authority (WRTA) bus system, which is supported through Mahoning County property and revenue taxes. WRTA, whose chief terminal is in the downtown area, provides service throughout the town/city and into encircling Mahoning and Trumbull counties. The downtown terminal serves as the Youngstown area's Greyhound terminal. On June 23, 2016, Uber launched its services in Youngstown, covering all of Mahoning County and most of Trumbull County. Youngstown features diverse media, including television, print and radio. Newspapers include The Buckeye Review (bi-monthly/ African-American), The Business Journal (bi-monthly/business), The Catholic Exponent (bi-monthly/religious), Daily Legal News (daily/legal), The Jambar (bi-weekly/college), The Jewish Journal (monthly/Jewish), The Metro Monthly (monthly/news, features, calendar), Morning Journal (daily/Columbiana County news), The Review (daily (serving southern Columbiana County)/news, features), Senior News (monthly/seniors), The Journal (weekly/Struthers, Campbell and Lowellville), Parent Magazine (monthly/children's), Peace Action Youngstown (quarterly/peace activism), The Town Crier (weekly/suburban news), Record Courier (daily/Portage County news), Akron Beacon Journal (daily/regional news), The Plain Dealer (daily/regional news), Pittsburgh Post Gazette (daily/regional news), Warren Tribune Chronicle (daily/regional news), and the The Vindicator (daily/regional news), The News Outlet (university based media collaborative) Youngstown is served by 10 tv stations, three of which are repeaters of TV stations in other cities, and a fourth coming in the near future from Pittsburgh NBC partner WPXI in close-by New Castle, Pennsylvania, that would easily penetrate Youngstown pending FCC approval. This is unusual for a mid-sized town/city near large metro areas such as Cleveland and Pittsburgh. Nearby Akron, with a larger populace than Youngstown and Warren combined, has no small-town tv stations and relies on Cleveland for its small-town news. The community's 273,480 tv homeholds make the Youngstown market the nation's 106th largest, as stated to Nielsen Media Research. The rest of Youngstown's commercial tv stations are either owned and directed by Media General or directed by MG through a shared services agreement. Youngstown is served by 37 different airways broadcasts in the urbane region making it the 119th biggest radio market in the United States. Stations include 17 on the AM band and 20 on the FM band. List of citizens from Youngstown, Ohio a b "American Fact - Finder". "Population Estimates". "Knowing Youngstown: John Young's Land Purchase". The Youngstown Daily Vindicator. Aley (1975), pp. Knepper, George W (2002). Upton, Harriet Taylor (1910). 20th Century History of Youngstown and Mahoning County, Ohio. Aley (1975), pp. Jenkins (1990), p. Jenkins (1990), p. Aley (1975), p. Aley (1975), p. Aley (1975), p. Brody (1960), pp. Bruno (1999), pp. Linkon and Russo (2002), p. Lemann (1991), pp. Linkon and Russo (2002), pp. "City unveils its new logo". Shilling, Don (September 8, 2006). Decline-Oriented Urban Governance in Youngstown, Ohio (chapter in The City After Abandonment). "'Youngstown 2010' Plan Honored with Award for Public Outreach". "'The Tech Belt Initiative' to link Cleveland, Youngstown, Pittsburgh to share gains, dollars". Aley (1975), pp. United States Department of Agriculture. "Now - Data - NOAA Online Weather Data". "Youngstown, OH Climate". "Station Name: OH YOUNGSTOWN RGNL AP". "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015". "Enumeration of Population and Housing". "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". "Annual Estimates of the Population of Combined Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007". "INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2011 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS): 2011 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". "Youngstown, Ohio - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". "Youngstown, Ohio - Age Groups and Sex: 2010 Enumeration Summary File 1". Shellock, Marie (1 May 2007). Fuechtmann (1989), p. Fuechtmann (1989), pp. Bruno (1999), pp. Bruno (1999), p. Linkon and Russo (2002), pp. "Youngstown-Warren region largest employers". "Communities along the Mahoning River". Youngstown State University. "Youngstown Business Incubator titled world's best: the Mix". "Youngstown Business Incubator ranked number one around the world - WFMJ.com News weather sports for Youngstown-Warren Ohio". "Youngstown News, Youngstown Business Incubator blazing a trail around the world". "Youngstown Business Incubator again receives top world ranking". "A Youngstown candy manufacturer invented the Good Humor bar". Youngstown crime rates and statistics. "Ohio State Penitentiary". "Youngstown Early College". Youngstown State University. About our school. Gwin, Harold (October 14, 2007). Pellegrini, Mary Ellen (December 25, 2006). "List of Cheapest Colleges and Universities in Ohio (OH) (Lowest Tuition, In-State)". "History of Dana School of Music". Youngstown State University. Youngstown Symphony. Linkon and Russo (2002), pp. "Actor Flynn Drowns in Pool; Youngstown Native Was TV Comedian". The Youngstown Vindicator. Irish in Youngstown and the Greater Mahoning Valley. Youngstown State University. Youngstown State University. "Youngstown Historical Center of Industry & Labor". "Children's Museum of the Valley Homepage". "Mill Creek Metro Parks Homepage". "Mahoning Valley Historical Society page on Mill Creek Park". Crandall Park North, City of Youngstown, Ohio, retrieved 10 October 2012 "Company Sports Teams and the Early Industrialization of Youngstown, Ohio". Youngstown State University. The Youngstown Vindicator. Bassetti, John; Kovach, John (March 31, 2007). "Youngstown News, Youngstown Thunder af2 football team folds". Youngstown State University. Bassetti, John (December 5, 1999). Youngstown Vindicator. The Youngstown Vindicator. The Youngstown Daily Vindicator. The Youngstown Telegram. WRTA Youngstown. "Ohio TV Information". Youngstown - Spisska Nova Ves Sister Cities Program. A Heritage to Share: The Bicentennial History of Youngstown and the Mahoning Valley. Youngstown, OH: The Bicentennial Commission of Youngstown and Mahoning County, Ohio. Mahoning Memories: A History of Youngstown and Mahoning County. Steelworker Alley: How Class Works in Youngstown. Steeples and Stacks: Religion and Steel Crisis in Youngstown. Steel Valley Klan: The Ku Klux Klan in Ohio's Mahoning Valley. Steeltown U.S.A.: Work & Memory in Youngstown. Youngstown, Ohio City of Youngstown Municipalities and communities of Mahoning County, Ohio, United States Municipalities and communities of Trumbull County, Ohio, United States Categories: Youngstown, Ohio - County seats in Ohio - Populated places established in 1796 - Cities in Mahoning County, Ohio - Cities in Trumbull County, Ohio - 1796 establishments in the Northwest Territory