Cleveland, Ohio City of Cleveland Clockwise, from top: Downtown Cleveland skyline; the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame; Fountain of Eternal Life statue; the West Side Market; West Pierhead Lighthouse; First - Energy Stadium; the James A.
Garfield Memorial; East 4th Street; south entrance to the Cleveland Museum of Art; and one of the eight Guardians of Traffic Clockwise, from top: Downtown Cleveland skyline; the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame; Fountain of Eternal Life statue; the West Side Market; West Pierhead Lighthouse; First - Energy Stadium; the James A.
Garfield Memorial; East 4th Street; south entrance to the Cleveland Museum of Art; and one of the eight Guardians of Traffic Flag of Cleveland, Ohio Flag Official seal of Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland is positioned in the US Cleveland - Cleveland Body Cleveland City Council Cleveland (/ kli vl nd/ kleev-l nd) is a town/city in the U.S.
State of Ohio and the governmental center of county of Cuyahoga County, the state's second most crowded county. The town/city proper has a populace of 388,072, making Cleveland the 51st biggest city in the United States, and the second-largest town/city in Ohio after Columbus. Greater Cleveland ranked as the 32nd biggest urbane region in the United States, with 2,055,612 citizens in 2016. The town/city anchors the Cleveland Akron Canton Combined Statistical Area, which had a populace of 3,515,646 in 2010 and rates 15th in the United States.
Cleveland's economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, and biomedical.
Main article: History of Cleveland See also: Timeline of Cleveland history Cleveland obtained its name on July 22, 1796 when surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company laid out Connecticut's Western Reserve into townships and a capital town/city they titled "Cleaveland" after their leader, General Moses Cleaveland.
Growth continued with added barns links. Cleveland incorporated as a town/city in 1836. In 1836, the city, then positioned only on the easterly banks of the Cuyahoga River, nearly erupted into open warfare with neighboring Ohio City over a bridge connecting the two. Ohio City remained an autonomous municipality until its annexation by Cleveland in 1854. Rockefeller established Standard Oil in Cleveland, and moved its command posts to New York City in 1885. Cleveland emerged in the early 20th Century as an meaningful American manufacturing center, which encompassed automotive companies such as Peerless, People's, Jordan, Chandler, and Winton, manufacturer of the first car driven athwart the U.S. Other manufacturers positioned in Cleveland produced steam-powered cars, which encompassed White and Gaeth, as well as the electric car business Baker.
Because of the momentous growth, Cleveland was known as the "Sixth City" amid this period. By 1920, due in large part to the city's economic prosperity, Cleveland became the nation's fifth biggest city. The town/city counted Progressive Era politicians such as the populist Mayor Tom L.
Many prominent Clevelanders from this era are buried in the historic Lake View Cemetery, including President James A.
In commemoration of the centennial of Cleveland's incorporation as a city, the Great Lakes Exposition debuted in June 1936 along the Lake Erie shore north of downtown.
As a result, along with track and boxing champions produced, Cleveland was dubbed " City of Champions" in sports at this time.
Businesses proclaimed that Cleveland was the "best locale in the nation". In 1940, non-Hispanic caucasians represented 90.2% of Cleveland's population. The city's populace reached its peak of 914,808, and in 1949 Cleveland was titled an All-America City for the first time. By the 1960s, the economy slowed, and inhabitants sought new housing in the suburbs, reflecting the nationwide trends of urban flight and suburban growth. The Cuyahoga River winds through the Flats in a December 1937 aerial view of downtown Cleveland.
In the 1950s and 1960s, civil and ethnic unrest occurred in Cleveland, resulting in the Hough Riots from July 18 to 23, 1966 and the Glenville Shootout from July 23 to 25, 1968.
In November 1967, Cleveland became the first primary American town/city to elect a black mayor, Carl Stokes (who served from 1968 to 1971).
In December 1978, Cleveland became the first primary American town/city since the Great Depression to enter into a financial default on federal loans. By the beginning of the 1980s, a several factors, including shifts in global no-charge trade policies, inflation and the Savings and Loans Crisis contributed to the recession that impacted metros/cities like Cleveland. While unemployment amid the reconstructionpeaked in 1983, Cleveland's rate of 13.8% was higher than the nationwide average due to the closure of a several manufacturing centers. Cleveland has been hailed by small-town media as the "Comeback City", while economic evolution of the inner-city neighborhoods and enhancement of the school systems are municipal before ities. In 1999, Cleveland was identified as an emerging global city. The city's goals include additional neighborhood revitalization and increased funding for enhance education. In 2009, it was announced that Cleveland was chosen to host the 2014 Gay Games, the fourth town/city in the United States to host this global event. On July 8, 2014, it was announced that Cleveland was chosen to be the host town/city of the 2016 Republican National Convention. According to the United States Enumeration Bureau, the town/city has a total region of 82.47 square miles (213.60 km2), of which 77.70 square miles (201.24 km2) is territory and 4.77 square miles (12.35 km2) is water. The shore of Lake Erie is 569 feet (173 m) above sea level; however, the town/city lies on a series of irregular bluffs lying roughly perpendicular to the lake.
In Cleveland these bluffs are cut principally by the Cuyahoga River, Big Creek, and Euclid Creek.
Panorama of Cleveland's Public Square in 1912 Skyline of Cleveland from Lake Erie in 2006, with the Key Tower, the 200 Public Square and the Terminal Tower at the center See also: List of tallest buildings in Cleveland and National Register of Historic Places listings in Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland's downtown architecture is diverse .
Many of the city's government and civic buildings, including City Hall, the Cuyahoga County Courthouse, the Cleveland Public Library, and Public Auditorium, are clustered around an open mall and share a common neoclassical architecture.
Built in the early 20th century, they are the result of the 1903 Group Plan, and constitute one of the most complete examples of City Beautiful design in the United States. The Terminal Tower, dedicated in 1930, was the tallest building in North America outside New York City until 1964 and the tallest in the town/city until 1991. It is a prototypical Beaux-Arts high-rise building.
Another of Cleveland's architectural treasures is The Arcade (sometimes called the Old Arcade), a five-story arcade assembled in 1890 and renovated in 2001 as a Hyatt Regency Hotel. Cleveland's landmark ecclesiastical architecture includes the historic Old Stone Church in downtown Cleveland and the onion domed St.
The west bank of the Flats and the Cuyahoga River in downtown Cleveland Downtown Cleveland is centered on Public Square and includes a wide range of diversified districts.
Downtown Cleveland is home to the traditional Financial District and Civic Center, as well as the distinct Cleveland Theater District, which is home to Playhouse Square Center.
Recent developments include the revival of the Flats, the Euclid Corridor Project, and the developments along East 4th Street. Cleveland inhabitants geographically define themselves in terms of whether they live on the east or west side of the Cuyahoga River. The east side includes the neighborhoods of Buckeye-Shaker, Central, Collinwood, Corlett, Euclid-Green, Fairfax, Forest Hills, Glenville, Payne/Goodrich-Kirtland Park, Hough, Kinsman, Lee Harvard/Seville-Miles, Mount Pleasant, Nottingham, St.
Map of villages and other territory annexed to the City of Cleveland Areas on both the west side (Ohio City, Tremont, Detroit-Shoreway, and Edgewater) and the east side (Collinwood, Hough, Fairfax, and Little Italy) have been prosperous in attracting increasing numbers of creative class members, which in turn is spurring new residentiary development. Furthermore, a live-work zoning overlay for the city's near east side has facilitated the transformation of old industrialized buildings into loft spaces for artists. Cleveland's older, inner-ring suburbs include Bedford, Bedford Heights, Brook Park, Brooklyn, Brooklyn Heights, Cleveland Heights, Cuyahoga Heights, East Cleveland, Euclid, Fairview Park, Garfield Heights, Lakewood, Linndale, Maple Heights, Newburgh Heights, Parma, Parma Heights, Shaker Heights, Solon, South Euclid, University Heights, and Warrensville Heights.
Typical of the Great Lakes region, Cleveland exhibits a continental climate with four distinct seasons, which lies in the humid continental (Koppen Dfa) zone.
This feature is the principal contributor to the lake effect snow that is typical in Cleveland (especially on the city's East Side) from mid-November until the surface of Lake Erie freezes, usually in late January or early February.
The lake effect also causes a relative differential in geographical snow flurry totals athwart the city: while Hopkins Airport, on the city's far West Side, has only reached 100 inches (254 cm) of snow flurry in a season three times since record-keeping for snow began in 1893, cyclic totals approaching or exceeding 100 inches (254 cm) are not uncommon as the town/city ascends into the Heights on the east, where the region known as the 'Snow Belt' begins.
The all-time record high in Cleveland of 104 F (40 C) was established on June 25, 1988, and the all-time record low of 20 F ( 29 C) was set on January 19, 1994. On average, July is the warmest month with a mean temperature of 73.5 F (23.1 C), and January, with a mean temperature of 28.1 F ( 2.2 C), is the coldest.
Parts of Geauga County to the east receive over 44 inches (1,100 mm) of liquid rain annually. Frequent thunderstorms are also common in Cleveland especially amid spring and early summer.
Climate data for Cleveland (Cleveland Airport), 1981 2010 normals, extremes 1871 present Built as the Second Church of Christ, Scientist, this building on Cleveland's East Side, now known as The True Holiness Temple, a Pentecostal church positioned on Euclid Avenue, serves a primarily African American congregation.
There are also substantial communities of Slovaks, Hungarians, French, Slovenes, Czechs, Ukrainians, Arabs, Dutch, Scottish, Russian, Scotch Irish, Croats, Macedonians, Puerto Ricans, West Indians, Romanians, Lithuanians, and Greeks. The existence of Hungarians inside Cleveland proper was, at one time, so great that the town/city boasted the highest concentration of Hungarians in the world outside of Budapest. The availability of jobs thriving African Americans from the South.
Between 1920 and 1960, the black populace of Cleveland increased from 35,000 to 251,000. In total, 11.6% (44,148) of Cleveland's populace age 5 and older spoke another language other than English. Downtown Cleveland as viewed from Edgewater Park Cleveland's locale on the Cuyahoga River and Lake Erie has been key to its growth.
Cleveland is home to the corporate command posts of many large companies such as Applied Industrial Technologies, Cliffs Natural Resources, Forest City Enterprises, NACCO Industries, Sherwin-Williams Company and Key - Corp.
NASA maintains a facility in Cleveland, the Glenn Research Center.
Downtown Cleveland from the Superior Viaduct The Cleveland Clinic is the city's biggest private employer with a workforce of over 37,000 as of 2008. It carries the distinct ion as being among America's best hospitals with top ratings presented in U.S.
News & World Report. Cleveland's healthcare zone also includes University Hospitals of Cleveland, a famous center for cancer treatment, Metro - Health medical center, and the insurance business Medical Mutual of Ohio.
Cleveland is also noted in the fields of biotechnology and fuel cell research, led by Case Western Reserve University, the Cleveland Clinic, and University Hospitals of Cleveland.
Cleveland is among the top recipients of investment for biotech start-ups and research. Case Western Reserve, the Clinic, and University Hospitals have recently announced plans to build a large biotechnology research and development office and incubator on the site of the former Mt.
NASA's Glenn Research Center is adjoining to Cleveland Hopkins International Airport.
Cleveland State University hired a technology transfer officer to cultivate technology transfers from CSU research to marketable ideas and companies in the Cleveland area, and appointed a vice president for economic development.
In addition to this Intel initiative, in January 2006 a New York-based think tank, the Intelligent Community Forum, chose Cleveland as the sole American town/city among its seven finalists for the "Intelligent Community of the Year" award.
The Cleveland Museum of Art lies at the edge of Wade Lagoon in University Circle.
Cleveland is home to Playhouse Square Center, the second biggest performing arts center in the United States behind New York City's Lincoln Center. Playhouse Square includes the State, Palace, Allen, Hanna, and Ohio theaters inside what is known as the Cleveland Theater District. Playhouse Square's resident performing arts companies include Cleveland Play House, Cleveland State University Department of Theatre and Dance, and Great Lakes Theater Festival.
One Playhouse Square, now the command posts for Cleveland's enhance broadcasters, was originally used as the broadcast studios of WJW (AM), where disc jockey Alan Freed first popularized the term "rock and roll". Cleveland attained a strong reputation in modern music in the 1960s and 70s as a key breakout market for nationally promoted acts and performers.
The town/city hosted the " World Series of Rock" at Cleveland Municipal Stadium, which were notable high-attendance affairs.
Cleveland is home to the Cleveland Orchestra, widely considered one of the world's finest orchestras, and often referred to as the finest in the United States. It is one of the "Big Five" primary orchestras in the United States.
The Orchestra plays at Severance Hall in University Circle amid the winter and at Blossom Music Center in Cuyahoga Falls amid the summer. The town/city is also home to the Cleveland Pops Orchestra, the Cleveland Youth Orchestra, and the Cleveland Youth Wind Symphony.
This is due in part to the success of Frankie Yankovic who was a Cleveland native and was considered the America's Polka King and the square at the intersection of Waterloo Rd.
The Cleveland Museum of Art is a primary American art exhibition, with a compilation that includes more than 40,000 works of art ranging over 6,000 years, from ancient masterpieces to intact pieces.
Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland showcases established and emerging artists, especially from the Cleveland area, through hosting and producing temporary exhibitions. The Gordon Square Arts District on Detroit Ave., in the Detroit-Shoreway neighborhood, features a movie theater called the Capitol Theatre and an Off-Off-Broadway playhouse, the Cleveland Public Theatre.
See also: Category:Films set in Cleveland and Category:Films shot in Cleveland Cleveland has served as the setting for a several major studio and autonomous films.
Players from the 1948 Cleveland Indians, winners of the World Series, appear in The Kid from Cleveland (1949).
Cleveland Municipal Stadium features prominently in both that film and The Fortune Cookie (1966); written and directed by Billy Wilder, the picture marked Walter Matthau and Jack Lemmon's first on-screen collaboration and features gameday footage of the 1965 Cleveland Browns.
Paul Simon chose Cleveland as the opening for his only venture into filmmaking, One-Trick Pony (1980); Simon spent six weeks recording concert scenes at the Cleveland Agora.
Clevelander Jim Jarmusch's critically acclaimed and autonomously produced Stranger Than Paradise (1984) a deadpan comedy about two New Yorkers who travel to Florida by way of Cleveland was a favorite of the Cannes Film Festival, winning the Camera d'Or.
The cult-classic mockumentary This Is Spinal Tap (1984) includes a memorable scene where the parody band gets lost backstage just before performing at a Cleveland modern concert (origin of the phrase "Hello, Cleveland!").
Fox and Joan Jett play the sibling leads of a Cleveland modern group in Light of Day (1987); directed by Paul Schrader, much of the film was shot in the city.
Kevin Bacon stars in Telling Lies in America (1997), the semi-autobiographical tale of Clevelander Joe Eszterhas, a former reporter for The Plain Dealer.
Cleveland serves as the setting for fictitious insurance enormous Great Benefit in The Rainmaker (1997); in the film, Key Tower doubles as the firm's chief headquarters.
A group of Cleveland teenagers try to scam their way into a Kiss concert in Detroit Rock City (1999), and a several key scenes from director Cameron Crowe's Almost Famous (2000) are set in Cleveland.
Brothers Joe and Anthony Russo native Clevelanders and Case Western Reserve University alumni filmed their comedy Welcome to Collinwood (2002) entirely on locale in the city.
American Splendor (2003) the biographical film of Harvey Pekar, author of the autobiographical comic of the same name was also filmed on locale throughout Cleveland, as was The Oh in Ohio (2006).
Much of The Rocker (2008) is set in the city, and Cleveland native Nathaniel Ayers' life story is told in The Soloist (2009).
Kill the Irishman (2011) follows the real-life turf war in 1970s Cleveland between Irish mobster Danny Greene and the Cleveland crime family.
More recently, the teenage comedy Fun Size (2012) takes place in and around Cleveland on Halloween evening, and the film Draft Day (2014) followed Kevin Costner as general manager for the Cleveland Browns. Cleveland has often doubled for other locations in film.
The wedding and reception scenes in The Deer Hunter (1978), while set in the small Pittsburgh suburb of Clairton, were actually shot in the Cleveland neighborhood of Tremont; U.S.
Steel also permitted the manufacturing to film in one of its Cleveland mills.
Francis Ford Coppola produced The Escape Artist (1982), much of which was shot in Downtown Cleveland near City Hall and the Cuyahoga County Courthouse, as well as the Flats.
A Christmas Story (1983) was set in Indiana, but drew many of its external shots including the Parker family home from Cleveland.
Much of Double Dragon (1994) and Happy Gilmore (1996) were also shot in Cleveland, and the opening shots of Air Force One (1997) were filmed in and above Severance Hall.
A complex chase scene in Spider-Man 3 (2007), though set in New York City, was actually filmed along Cleveland's Euclid Avenue.
Downtown's East 9th Street also doubled for New York in the climax of The Avengers (2012); in addition, the manufacturing shot on Cleveland's Public Square as a fill-in for Stuttgart, Germany.
More recently, Jackass Presents: Bad Grandpa (2013), Miss Meadows (2014) and Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) each filmed in Cleveland.
Future productions in the Cleveland region are the responsibility of the Greater Cleveland Film Commission. In television, the town/city is the setting for the prominent network sitcom The Drew Carey Show, starring Cleveland native Drew Carey.
Real-life crime series Cops, Crime 360, and The First 48 regularly film in Cleveland and other U.S.
Hot in Cleveland, a comedy airing on TV Land, premiered on June 16, 2010. His adolescence was divided between Cleveland and Akron before he moved to New York City in 1916.
A diminutive memorial park is dedicated to Crane along the left bank of the Cuyahoga in Cleveland.
In University Circle, a historical marker sits at the locale of his Cleveland childhood home on E.
Langston Hughes, preeminent poet of the Harlem Renaissance and child of an itinerant couple, lived in Cleveland as a teenager and attended Central High School in Cleveland in the 1910s.
Cleveland was the home of Joe Shuster and Jerry Siegel, who created the comic book character Superman in 1932. Both attended Glenville High School, and their early collaborations resulted in the creation of "The Man of Steel". D.
Author and Ohio resident, James Renner set his debut novel, The Man from Primrose Lane in present-day Cleveland.
Harlan Ellison, noted author of speculative fiction, was born in Cleveland in 1934; his family later moved to the close-by suburb of Painesville, though Ellison moved back to Cleveland in 1949.
As a youngster, he presented a series of short stories appearing in the Cleveland News; he also performed in a number of productions for the Cleveland Play House.
The Cleveland State University Poetry Center serves as an academic center for poetry.
Cleveland is the site of the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award, established by poet and philanthropist Edith Anisfield Wolf in 1935, which recognizes books that have made meaningful contributions to understanding of racism and human range. Presented by the Cleveland Foundation, it remains the only American book prize focusing on works that address racism and range. In an early Gay and Lesbian Studies anthology titled Lavender Culture, a short piece by John Kelsey "The Cleveland Bar Scene in the Forties" discusses the gay and lesbian culture in Cleveland and the unique experiences of amateur female impersonators that existed alongside the New York and San Francisco LGBT subcultures. The historic West Side Market is in Cleveland's Ohio City neighborhood.
Local mainstays of Cleveland's cuisine include an abundance of Polish and Central European contributions, such as kielbasa, stuffed cabbage and pierogies. Cleveland also has plenty of corned beef, with nationally famous Slyman's, on the near East Side, a perennial winner of various accolades from Esquire Magazine, including being titled the best corned beef sandwich in America in 2008. Other famed sandwiches include the Cleveland original, Polish Boy, a small-town favorite found at many BBQ and Soul food restaurants. With its blue-collar roots well intact, and plenty of Lake Erie perch available, the tradition of Friday evening fish fries remains alive and grow in Cleveland, especially in church-based settings and amid the season of Lent. Ohio City is home to a burgeoning brewery district, which includes Great Lakes Brewing Company (Ohio's earliest microbrewery); Market Garden Brewery next to the historic West Side Market and Platform Beer Company. In 2007, Ruhlman collaborated with Anthony Bourdain, to do an episode of his Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations focusing on Cleveland's restaurant scene. The nationwide food press including publications Gourmet, Food & Wine, Esquire and Playboy has heaped praise on a several Cleveland spots for awards including 'best new restaurant', 'best steakhouse', 'best farm-to-table programs' and 'great new neighborhood eateries'.
In early 2008, the Chicago Tribune ran a feature article in its 'Travel' section proclaiming Cleveland, America's "hot new dining city". Five miles (8.0 km) east of downtown Cleveland is University Circle, a 550-acre (2.2 km2) concentration of cultural, educational, and medical establishments, including the Cleveland Botanical Garden, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals, Severance Hall, the Cleveland Museum of Art, the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, and the Western Reserve Historical Society.
Neighboring attractions include Cleveland Browns Stadium, the Great Lakes Science Center, the Steamship Mather Museum, and the USS Cod, a World War II submarine. Cleveland has an attraction for visitors and fans of A Christmas Story: A Christmas Story House and Museum to see props, costumes, rooms, photos and other materials related to the Jean Shepherd film.
Cultural celebrations such as the annual Feast of the Assumption in the Little Italy neighborhood, the Harvest Festival in the Slavic Village neighborhood, and the more recent Cleveland Asian Festival in the Asia Town neighborhood are prominent affairs.
Fashion Week Cleveland, the city's annual fashion event, is the third-largest fashion show of its kind in the United States. In addition to the cultural festivals, Cleveland hosted the CMJ Rock Hall Music Fest, which featured nationwide and small-town acts, including both established artists and up-and-coming acts, but the festival was discontinued in 2007 due to financial and manpower costs to the Rock Hall. The annual Ingenuity Fest, Notacon and TEDx - CLE conference focus on the combination of art and technology. The Cleveland International Film Festival has been held annually since 1977, and it drew a record 66,476 citizens in March 2009. Cleveland also hosts an annual holiday display lighting and celebration, dubbed Winterfest, which is held downtown at the city's historic hub, Public Square. Cleveland also has the Jack Cleveland Casino.
The new Greater Cleveland Aquarium is on the west bank of the Cuyahoga River near Downtown. See also: Sports in Cleveland and List of Cleveland sports squads Cleveland's current primary experienced sports squads include the Cleveland Indians (Major League Baseball), Cleveland Browns (National Football League), and Cleveland Cavaliers (National Basketball Association).
In experienced basketball, the Cleveland Rosenblums dominated the American Basketball League in the 1920s, and the Pipers were a pro champion in 1962.
The Cleveland Rams won the NFL title in 1945 before relocating to Los Angeles and conceding the town/city to the Browns.
A notable Cleveland athlete is Jesse Owens, who interval up in the town/city after moving from Alabama when he was nine.
A statue commemorating his achievement can be found in Downtown Cleveland at Fort Washington Park. Cleveland State University alum and region native, Stipe Miocic, won the UFC World Heavyweight Championship at UFC 198 in 2016.
With the first ever UFC World Championship fight in the town/city of Cleveland held September 2016, Miocic defended his title to remain World Heavyweight Champion at UFC 203. The AHL Cleveland Monsters won the 2016 Calder Cup, becoming the first Cleveland pro sports team to do so since the 1964 Cleveland Barons. The town/city is also host to the Cleveland Gladiators of the Arena Football League, Cleveland Fusion of the Women's Football Alliance and AFC Cleveland Royals of the National Premier Soccer League, who won the championship in 2016.
Collegiately, NCAA Division I Cleveland State Vikings have 16 varsity sports, nationally known for their Cleveland State Vikings men's basketball team.
The command posts of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) are positioned in Cleveland.
Cleveland is home to four of the parks in the countywide Cleveland Metroparks system, as well as the: Washington Park, Brookside Park and parts of the Rocky River and Washington Reservations.
Included in the fitness is the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo.
Located in Big Creek valley, the zoo contains one of the biggest compilation of primates in North America. In addition to the Metroparks system, the Cleveland Lakefront State Park precinct provides enhance access to Lake Erie. This cooperative between the City of Cleveland and the State of Ohio contains six parks: Edgewater Park, positioned on the city's near west side between the Shoreway and the lake; East 55th Street Marina, Euclid Beach Park and Gordon Park.
The Cleveland Public Parks District is the municipal body that oversees the city's neighborhood parks, the biggest of which is the historic Rockefeller Park, notable for its late-19th century historical landmark bridges and Cultural Gardens. See also: List of mayors of Cleveland, Cleveland City Council, and List of politicians from Cleveland Cleveland City Hall Cleveland's position as a center of manufacturing established it as a hotbed of union activeness early in its history.
While other parts of Ohio, especially Cincinnati and the southern portion of the state, have historically supported the Republican Party, Cleveland generally breeds the strongest support in the state for the Democrats. At the small-town level, elections are nonpartisan.
The town/city of Cleveland supported Kerry over Bush by the even larger margin of 83.3% 15.8%. The town/city of Cleveland operates on the mayor council (strong mayor) form of government. The mayor is the chief executive of the city, and the office is held in 2010 by Frank G.
Previous mayors of Cleveland include progressive Democrat Tom L.
Stokes, the first African American mayor of a primary American city. The state of Ohio lost two Congressional seats as a result of the 2010 Census, which affects Cleveland's districts in the northeast part of the state. Between about 1935 to 1938, the Cleveland Torso Murderer killed and dismembered at least a dozen and perhaps twenty citizens in the area.
Based on the Morgan Quitno Press 2008 nationwide crime rankings, Cleveland ranked as the 7th most dangerous town/city in the country among US metros/cities with a populace of 100,000 to 500,000 and the 11th most dangerous overall. Violent crime from 2005 to 2006 was mostly unchanged nationwide, but increased more than 10% in Cleveland.
The murder rate dropped 30% in Cleveland, but was still far above the nationwide average.
Property crime from 2005 to 2006 was virtually unchanged athwart the nation and in Cleveland, with larceny-theft down by 7% but burglaries up almost 14%. In October 2010, Cleveland had two neighborhoods appear on ABC News's list of 'America's 25 Most Dangerous Neighborhoods': both in sections just blocks apart in the city's Central neighborhood on the East Side.
A study in 1971 72 found that although Cleveland's crime rate was decidedly lower than other large urban areas, most Cleveland inhabitants feared crime. In the 1980s, gang activeness was on the rise, associated with crack cocaine.
The distribution of crime in Cleveland is highly heterogeneous.
Relatively several crimes take place in downtown Cleveland's company district, but the perception of crime in the downtown has been pointed to by the Greater Cleveland Growth Association as damaging to the city's economy. More well-to-do areas of Cleveland and its suburbs have lower rates of violent crime than areas of lower socioeconomic status.
Statistically speaking, higher incidences of violent crimes have been noted in some parts of Cleveland with higher populations of African Americans. A study of the relationship between employment access and crime in Cleveland found a strong inverse relationship, with the highest crime rates in areas of the town/city that had the lowest access to jobs.
Furthermore, this relationship was found to be strongest with respect to economic crimes. A study of enhance housing in Cleveland found that criminals tend to live in areas of higher affluence and move into areas of lower affluence to commit crimes. In 2012, Cleveland's crime rate were 84 murders, 3,252 robberies, and 9,740 burglaries. In 2014, the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) presented a report that investigated the use of force by the Cleveland Police Department from 2010 2013.
As a result of the Justice Department report, the town/city of Cleveland has agreed to a consent decree to revise its policies and implement new autonomous supervision over the law enforcement. On May 26, 2015, the City of Cleveland and the DOJ released a 105-page agreement addressing concerns about Cleveland Division of Police (CDP) use-of-force policies and practices.
The agreement follows a two-year Department of Justice investigation, prompted by a request from Cleveland Mayor Frank Jackson, to determine whether the CDP engaged in a pattern or practice of the use of excessive force in violation of the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution and the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act (1994), 42 U.S.C 14141 (Section 14141").
At the same time as the announcement of the investigation findings, the City of Cleveland and the Department of Justice issued a Joint Statement of Principles agreeing to begin negotiations with the intention of reaching a court-enforceable settlement agreement.
The Cleveland Consent Decree is divided into 15 divisions, with 462 enumerated items. At least some of the provisions have been identified as unique to Cleveland: Cleveland is served by the firefighters of the Cleveland Division of Fire. The fire department operates out of 22 active fire stations, positioned throughout the town/city in five battalions.
Cleveland EMS is directed by the town/city as its own department; however, a consolidation between the fire and EMS departments is in progress.
Cleveland EMS units are now based out of most of the city's fire stations as of 2013.
City officials are presently negotiating with Cleveland Fire and EMS to form a new union contract that will merge the two systems entirely.
The Cleveland Metropolitan School District is the biggest K 12 precinct in the state of Ohio, with 127 schools and an enrollment of 55,567 students amid the 2006 2007 academic year. It is the only precinct in Ohio that is under direct control of the mayor, who appoints a school board. Approximately 1 square mile (2.6 km2) of Cleveland, adjoining the Shaker Square neighborhood, is part of the Shaker Heights City School District.
The area, which has been a part of the Shaker school precinct since the 1920s, permits these Cleveland inhabitants to pay the same school taxes as the Shaker residents, as well as vote in the Shaker school board elections. Cleveland Central Catholic High School Cleveland is home to a number of universities and universities.
News & World Report. University Circle also contains Cleveland Institute of Art and the Cleveland Institute of Music.
Cleveland State University (CSU), based in Downtown Cleveland, is the city's enhance four-year university.
Cleveland's major daily journal is The Plain Dealer.
Defunct primary newspapers include the Cleveland Press, an afternoon printed announcement which printed its last version on June 17, 1982; and the Cleveland News, which ceased printed announcement in 1960.
The town/city is also served by Cleveland Magazine, a county-wide culture periodical presented monthly; Crain's Cleveland Business, a weekly company newspaper; Cleveland Jewish News, a weekly Jewish newspaper; and Cleveland Scene, a no-charge alternative weekly paper which combined its competitor, the Cleveland Free Times, in 2008.
In addition, nationally distributed modern periodical Alternative Press was established in Cleveland in 1985, and the publication's command posts remain based in the city. Combined with close-by Akron and Canton, Cleveland is ranked as the 19th-largest tv market by Nielsen Media Research (as of 2013 14). The market is served by 10 stations affiliated with primary American networks, including: WEWS-TV (ABC), WJW (Fox), WKYC (NBC), WOIO (CBS), WVIZ (PBS), WBNX-TV (The CW), WUAB (My - Network - TV), WVPX-TV (Ion), WQHS-DT (Univision), and WDLI-TV (TBN).
The Mike Douglas Show, a nationally syndicated daytime talk show, began in Cleveland in 1961 on KYW-TV (now WKYC), while The Morning Exchange on WEWS-TV served as the model for Good Morning America.
Cleveland is directly served by 31 AM and FM airways broadcasts, 22 of which are licensed to the city.
College airways broadcasts include WBWC (Baldwin Wallace University), WCSB (Cleveland State University), WJCU (John Carroll University), and WRUW-FM (Case Western Reserve University).
News/talk station WTAM serves as the AM flagship for both the Cleveland Cavaliers and Cleveland Indians.
News/talk station WHK was one of the first airways broadcasts to broadcast in the United States and the first in Ohio; its former sister station, modern station WMMS, dominated Cleveland radio in the 1970s and 1980s and was at that time one of the highest rated airways broadcasts in the country.
Cleveland is home to a several major hospital systems, two of which are in University Circle.
Most notable is the world famous Cleveland Clinic, which is supplemented by University Hospitals and its Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital.
Additionally Metro - Health System, which operates the level one trauma center for northeast Ohio, has various locations throughout greater Cleveland.
Cleveland's Global Center for Health Innovation opened with 235,000 square feet (21,800 m2) of display space for healthcare companies athwart the world.
Cleveland Hopkins International Airport is the city's primary airport and an global airport that formerly served as a chief hub for United Airlines.
Originally known as Cleveland Municipal Airport, it was the first municipally owned airport in the country.
Cleveland Hopkins is a momentous county-wide air freight core hosting Fed - Ex Express, UPS Airlines, United States Postal Service, and primary commercial freight carriers.
In addition to Hopkins, Cleveland is served by Burke Lakefront Airport, on the north shore of downtown between Lake Erie and the Shoreway.
1992 aerial view of the Cleveland harbor, with the mouth of the Cuyahoga River in the foreground (view towards the east) Cleveland as viewed from Edgewater Park on 4 July 2010 The Port of Cleveland, positioned at the Cuyahoga River's mouth, is a primary bulk freight terminal on Lake Erie, receiving much of the raw materials used by the region's manufacturing industries. Amtrak, the nationwide passenger rail system, provides service to Cleveland, via the Capitol Limited and Lake Shore Limited routes, which stop at Cleveland Lakefront Station.
Cleveland has also been identified as a core for the proposed Ohio Hub project, which would bring high-speed rail to Ohio. Cleveland hosts a several inter-modal freight barns terminals. There have been a several proposals for commuter rail in Cleveland, including an ongoing (as of January 2011) study into a Sandusky Cleveland line. Cleveland has a bus and rail mass transit fitness directed by the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (RTA).
In 2008, RTA instead of the Health - Line, a bus rapid transit line, for which naming rights were purchased by the Cleveland Clinic and University Hospitals.
It runs along Euclid Avenue from downtown through University Circle, ending at the Louis Stokes Station at Windermere in East Cleveland. In 2007, the American Public Transportation Association titled Cleveland's mass transit fitness the best in North America. Cleveland is the only urbane region in the Western Hemisphere with its rail rapid transit fitness having only one center-city region rapid transit station (Tower City-Public Square).
During assembly of the Red Line rapid transit line in the 1950's the people of Cleveland voted to build the Downtown Distributor Subway which would have provided a number of Center City stations.
Porter and the full evolution and expansion of center town/city Cleveland has since been decidedly impeded due to the resulting inaccessibility.
Megabus provides service to Cleveland and has a stop at the Stephanie Tubbs Jones Transit Center on the east side of downtown. Akron Metro, Brunswick Transit Alternative, Laketran, Lorain County Transit, and Medina County Transit furnish connecting bus service to the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority.
Cleveland's road fitness consists of numbered streets running roughly north south, and titled avenues, which run roughly east west.
Interstate 71 begins just southwest of downtown and is the primary route from downtown Cleveland to the airport.
Interstate 77 begins in downtown Cleveland and runs almost due south through the southern suburbs.
Interstate 90 joins the two sides of Cleveland, and is the northern end for both I-71 and I-77.
Cleveland is also served by two three-digit interstates, Interstate 480, which enters Cleveland briefly at a several points and Interstate 490, which joins I-77 with the junction of I-90 and I-71 just south of downtown. The Cleveland Memorial Shoreway carries State Route 2 along its length, and at varying points also carries US 6, US 20 and I-90.
A third highway, the Berea Freeway (State Route 237 in part), joins I-71 to the airport, and forms part of the boundary between Cleveland and Brook Park. In 2011, Walk Score ranked Cleveland the seventeenth most walkable of the fifty biggest cities in the United States. As of 2014, Walk Score increased Cleveland's project to being the sixteenth most walkable US city, with a Walk Score of 57, a Transit Score of 47, and a Bike Score of 51.
Cleveland's most walkable and transient areas can be found in the Downtown, Ohio City, Detroit-Shoreway, University Circle, and Buckeye-Shaker Square neighborhoods. England Cleveland, England, United Kingdom Cleveland, Ohio portal Official records for Cleveland kept at downtown from January 1871 to May 1941, and at Hopkins Airport since June 1941.
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Earlier in the year, his chef/writer pal Anthony Bourdain had filmed a whole episode of his Travel Channel show "No Reservations" in Cleveland.
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